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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Neo4j vs. Oracle vs. RocksDB vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Neo4j vs. Oracle vs. RocksDB vs. SAP HANA

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonRocksDB  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsWidely used RDBMSEmbeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score1236.29
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score3.65
Rank#85  Overall
#11  Key-value stores
Score44.69
Rank#22  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgneo4j.comwww.oracle.com/­databaserocksdb.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­hana.html
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsneo4j.com/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasegithub.com/­facebook/­rocksdb/­wikihelp.sap.com/­hana
DeveloperNeo4j, Inc.OracleFacebook, Inc.SAP
Initial release20182007198020132010
Current release0.10, February 20245.19, April 202423c, September 20238.11.4, April 20242.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono infoalso available as a cloud based service
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageC++Java, ScalaC and C++C++
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
LinuxAppliance or cloud-service
Data schemeyesschema-free and schema-optionalyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyes infowith proprietary extensionsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
C++ API
Java API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoUser defined Procedures and FunctionsPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possiblenoSQLScript, R
Triggersnoyes infovia event handleryesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes using Neo4j FabricSharding, horizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocan be realized in PL/SQLnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphsyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedyesACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyes
More information provided by the system vendor
DuckDBNeo4jOracleRocksDBSAP HANA
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
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