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DBMS > DuckDB vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. Oracle NoSQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. Oracle NoSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonOracle NoSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSCommon in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used RDBMSA multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.68
Rank#76  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score127.49
Rank#8  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Score829.80
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1234.27
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score2.96
Rank#103  Overall
#18  Document stores
#17  Key-value stores
#52  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2www.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.oracle.com/­database/­nosql/­technologies/­nosql
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docswww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2learn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasedocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­nosql-database/­index.html
DeveloperIBMMicrosoftOracleOracle
Initial release20181983 infohost version198919802011
Current release0.10, February 202412.1, October 2016SQL Server 2022, November 202223c, September 202323.3, December 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial infofree version is availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoProprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C and C++C++C and C++Java
Server operating systemsserver-lessAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsSupport Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesoptional
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleno
Triggersnoyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux Versiontables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)yes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infocan be realized in PL/SQLwith Hadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infodepending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedconfigurable infoACID within a storage node (=shard)
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yes infooff heap cache
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
DuckDBIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2Microsoft SQL ServerOracleOracle NoSQL
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