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DBMS > DuckDB vs. H2 vs. Oracle vs. SQLite vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. H2 vs. Oracle vs. SQLite vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Widely used RDBMSWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMSTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score1244.08
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score111.41
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score4.25
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.h2database.comwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.sqlite.orgpingcap.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.sqlite.org/­docs.htmldocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperThomas MuellerOracleDwayne Richard HippPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release20182005198020002016
Current release1.0.0, June 20242.2.220, July 202323c, September 20233.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 20248.1.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoPublic DomainOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageC++JavaC and C++CGo, Rust
Server operating systemsserver-lessAll OS with a Java VMAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
server-lessLinux
Data schemeyesyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes infodynamic column typesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
JavaC
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possiblenono
Triggersnoyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding, horizontal partitioningnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
noneUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocan be realized in PL/SQLnoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyesyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes infovia file-system locksyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
DuckDBH2OracleSQLiteTiDB
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat for Oracle improves the efficiency and productivity of Oracle developers and administrators with a streamlined working environment.
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Devart ODBC driver for Oracle accesses Oracle databases from ODBC-compliant reporting, analytics, BI, and ETL tools on both 32 and 64-bit Windows, macOS, and Linux.
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Navicat for SQLite is a powerful and comprehensive SQLite GUI that provides a complete set of functions for database management and development.
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We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
DuckDBH2OracleSQLiteTiDB
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