DBMS > DuckDB vs. EDB Postgres vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Postgres-XL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. EDB Postgres vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Postgres-XL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

The EDB Postgres Platform is an enterprise-class data management platform based on the open source database PostgreSQL with flexible deployment options and Oracle compatibility features, complemented by tool kits for management, integration, and migration.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	1.91
Rank	#130	Overall
	#60	Relational DBMS

Score	0.31
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.53
Rank	#254	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

www.enterprisedb.com

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.postgres-xl.org

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

www.enterprisedb.com/docs

docs.immudb.io

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

Developer

EnterpriseDB

Codenotary

Microsoft

Initial release

2018

2005

2020

1989

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

Current release

1.0.0, June 2024

14, December 2021

1.2.3, April 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

10 R1, October 2018

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

BSD for PostgreSQL-components

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

server-less

Linux
Windows

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard with numerous extensions

SQL-like syntax

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

by hash, list or range

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

MVCC

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.