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DBMS > Dgraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. Riak KV vs. SAP Adaptive Server vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. Riak KV vs. SAP Adaptive Server vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRiak KV  Xexclude from comparisonSAP Adaptive Server infoformer name: Sybase ASE  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLDistributed, fault tolerant key-value storeThe SAP (Sybase) Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) is an enterprise-class RDBMSTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Key-value store infowith links between data sets and object tags for the creation of secondary indexesRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMS infowith Boeing's Spatial Query ServerDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.10
Rank#82  Overall
#9  Key-value stores
Score36.31
Rank#25  Overall
#17  Relational DBMS
Score4.66
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iowww.postgresql.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sybase-ase.htmlpingcap.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docswww.tiot.jp/­riak-docs/­riak/­kv/­latesthelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_ASEdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerOpenSource, formerly Basho TechnologiesSAP, SybasePingCAP, Inc.
Initial release20161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL200919872016
Current release16.3, May 20243.2.0, December 202216.08.0.0, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache version 2, commercial enterprise editioncommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageGoCErlangC and C++Go, Rust
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesrestrictedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoyesyes
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C infounofficial client library
C#
C++ infounofficial client library
Clojure infounofficial client library
Dart infounofficial client library
Erlang
Go infounofficial client library
Groovy infounofficial client library
Haskell infounofficial client library
Java
JavaScript infounofficial client library
Lisp infounofficial client library
Perl infounofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala infounofficial client library
Smalltalk infounofficial client library
C
C++
Cobol
Java
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.ErlangJava and Transact-SQLno
Triggersnoyesyes infopre-commit hooks and post-commit hooksyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infono "single point of failure"horizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno infolinks between data sets can be storedyesyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes, using Riak Securityfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
DgraphPostgreSQLRiak KVSAP Adaptive Server infoformer name: Sybase ASETiDB
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
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Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
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Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
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Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
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Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
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Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
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DgraphPostgreSQLRiak KVSAP Adaptive Server infoformer name: Sybase ASETiDB
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