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DBMS > Datomic vs. Heroic vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Heroic vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityTime Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score0.51
Rank#255  Overall
#21  Time Series DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.datomic.comgithub.com/­spotify/­heroicgithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasegithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comspotify.github.io/­heroicgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperCognitectSpotifyGoogleMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release20122014201120102016
Current release1.0.6735, June 20231.23, February 2021V12
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureJavaC++C++Java
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia Elasticsearchnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnononoyes
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIHQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction FunctionsnonoTransact SQL
TriggersBy using transaction functionsnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyesnoneyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentno
User concepts infoAccess controlnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
DatomicHeroicLevelDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureToroDB
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