DBMS > Couchbase vs. etcd vs. eXtremeDB vs. Neo4j vs. RRDtool

System Properties Comparison Couchbase vs. etcd vs. eXtremeDB vs. Neo4j vs. RRDtool

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A distributed document store with integrated cache, a powerful search engine, in-built operational and analytical capabilities, and an embedded mobile database

A distributed reliable key-value store

Natively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clustering

Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings

Industry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database.

The data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.

Primary database model

Document store

Key-value store

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Graph DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Key-value store

originating from the former Membase product and supporting the Memcached protocol
Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	17.30
Rank	#36	Overall
	#5	Document stores

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	0.74
Rank	#223	Overall
	#103	Relational DBMS
	#18	Time Series DBMS

Score	44.46
Rank	#23	Overall
	#1	Graph DBMS

Score	1.87
Rank	#136	Overall
	#11	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.couchbase.com

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

www.mcobject.com

neo4j.com

oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool

Technical documentation

docs.couchbase.com

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

www.mcobject.com/docs/extremedb.htm

neo4j.com/docs

oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/doc

Developer

Couchbase, Inc.

McObject

Neo4j, Inc.

Tobias Oetiker

Initial release

2011

2001

2007

1999

Current release

Server: 7.2, June 2023; Mobile: 3.1, March 2022; Couchbase Capella (DBaaS), June 2023

3.4, August 2019

8.2, 2021

5.20, May 2024

1.8.0, 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Business Source License (BSL 1.1); Commercial licenses also available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

GPL version3, commercial licenses available

Open Source

GPL V2 and FLOSS

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.

Implementation language

C, C++, Go and Erlang

C and C++

Java, Scala

Implementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows

HP-UX
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free and schema-optional

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numeric data only

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

support of XML interfaces available

Exporting into and restoring from XML files possible

Secondary indexes

yes

pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL++, extends ANSI SQL to JSON for operational, transactional, and analytic use cases

yes

with the option: eXtremeSQL

APIs and other access methods

CLI Client
HTTP REST
Kafka Connector
Native language bindings for CRUD, Query, Search and Analytics APIs
Spark Connector
Spring Data

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM

Object Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3

in-process shared library
Pipes

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Kotlin
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala

.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

with librrd library
C#

with a different implementation of RRDTool
Java

with a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js)

with a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP

with a wrapper library
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Functions and timers in JavaScript and UDFs in Java, Python, SQL++

yes

User defined Procedures and Functions

Triggers

yes

via the TAP protocol

yes, watching key changes

yes

by defining events

yes

via event handler

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Automatic Sharding

horizontal partitioning / sharding

yes using Neo4j Fabric

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

including cross data center replication
Source-replica replication

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

Active Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication

by means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication

by means of eXtremeDB High Availability option

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

available in in Enterprise Version only

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

selectable on a per-operation basis

Immediate Consistency

Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies available

yes

by using the rrdcached daemon

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Ephemeral buckets

yes

User concepts

Access control

User and Administrator separation with password-based and LDAP integrated Authentication. Role-base access control.

Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

eXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
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Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
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Typical application scenarios

IoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
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Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
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Key customers

Schneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
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Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
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Market metrics

With hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
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Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
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Licensing and pricing models

For server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
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GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
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