DBMS > Couchbase vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. SpaceTime
System Properties Comparison Couchbase vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. SpaceTime
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| Name | Couchbase  Originally called Membase Xexclude from comparison | Google Cloud Bigtable Xexclude from comparison | Oracle NoSQL Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | SpaceTime Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | A distributed document store with integrated cache, a powerful search engine, in-built operational and analytical capabilities, and an embedded mobile database | Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail. | A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Document store | Key-value store Wide column store | Document store Key-value store Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Spatial DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Key-value store originating from the former Membase product and supporting the Memcached protocol Spatial DBMS using the Geocouch extensionSearch engine Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | www.couchbase.com | cloud.google.com/bigtable | www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql | www.postgresql.org | www.mireo.com/spacetime | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | docs.couchbase.com | cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs | docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html | www.postgresql.org/docs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Couchbase, Inc. | Oracle | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Mireo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2011 | 2015 | 2011 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | Server: 7.2, June 2023; Mobile: 3.1, March 2022; Couchbase Capella (DBaaS), June 2023 | 24.1, May 2024 | 16.3, May 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Business Source License (BSL 1.1); Commercial licenses also available | commercial | Open Source Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details) | Open Source BSD | commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | yes | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | C, C++, Go and Erlang | Java | C | C++ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | Linux OS X Windows | hosted | Linux Solaris SPARC/x86 | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Linux | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free | schema-free | Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them. | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | no | optional | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | no | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | SQL++, extends ANSI SQL to JSON for operational, transactional, and analytic use cases | no | SQL-like DML and DDL statements | yes standard with numerous extensions | A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | CLI Client HTTP REST Kafka Connector Native language bindings for CRUD, Query, Search and Analytics APIs Spark Connector Spring Data | gRPC (using protocol buffers) API HappyBase (Python library) HBase compatible API (Java) | RESTful HTTP API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | RESTful HTTP API | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | .Net C Go Java JavaScript Node.jsKotlin PHP Python Ruby Scala | C# C++ Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python | C C# Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | C# C++ Python | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | Functions and timers in JavaScript and UDFs in Java, Python, SQL++ | no | no | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes via the TAP protocol | no | no | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Automatic Sharding | Sharding | Sharding | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Fixed-grid hypercubes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-source replication including cross data center replication Source-replica replication | Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones | Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Real-time block device replication (DRBD) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | yes | yes | with Hadoop integration | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency selectable on a per-operation basis | Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters) | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency depending on configuration | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | no | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | Atomic single-row operations | configurable ACID within a storage node (=shard) | ACID | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes Ephemeral buckets | no | yes off heap cache | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | User and Administrator separation with password-based and LDAP integrated Authentication. Role-base access control. | Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM) | Access rights for users and roles | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Couchbase Originally called Membase | Google Cloud Bigtable | Oracle NoSQL | PostgreSQL | SpaceTime | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | Couchbase climbs up the DB-Engines Ranking, increasing its popularity by 10% every month | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recent citations in the news | A Closer Look at 9 Analyst Recommendations For Couchbase Database company Couchbase cruises to another solid earnings and revenue beat Couchbase, Inc. (NASDAQ:BASE) Shares Slammed 29% But Getting In Cheap Might Be Difficult Regardless Couchbase (NASDAQ:BASE) Price Target Lowered to $30.00 at DA Davidson Couchbase (NASDAQ:BASE) Posts Better-Than-Expected Sales In Q1, Next Quarter's Growth Looks Optimistic provided by Google News | Google says it'll stop charging fees to transfer data out of Google Cloud Google Introduces Autoscaling for Cloud Bigtable for Optimizing Costs Google scales up Cloud Bigtable NoSQL database Review: Google Bigtable scales with ease Google introduces Cloud Bigtable managed NoSQL database to process data at scale provided by Google News | OpenWorld 2013: Oracle NoSQL Database On the Rise? Blog Theme - Details We built a geo-distributed, serverless modern app using the Oracle NoSQL Database Cloud Service Oracle Defends Relational DBs Against NoSQL Competitors Oracle Adds New AI-Enabling Features To MySQL HeatWave provided by Google News | A New Era AI Databases: PostgreSQL with pgvectorscale Outperforms Pinecone and Cuts Costs by 75% with New Open-Source Extensions PostgreSQL is Now Faster than Pinecone, 75% Cheaper, with New Open Source Extensions Timescale unveils high-performance AI vector database extensions for PostgreSQL PostgreSQL Tutorial: Definition, Commands, & Features How To Schedule PostgreSQL Backups With GitHub Actions provided by Google News | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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