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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score104.92
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accesswww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accesswww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperCockroach LabsGoogleMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer8Kdata
Initial release2015201119921989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2016
Current release23.1.1, May 20231.23, February 20211902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 201916.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficeOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++C++CJava
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Windows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemedynamic schemaschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLnoyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBCADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnonoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTnonenonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTnonenoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infobut no files for transaction loggingACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlnono infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
CockroachDBLevelDBMicrosoft AccessPostgreSQLToroDB
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