DBMS > ClickHouse vs. Neo4j vs. OrientDB vs. SingleStore vs. Solr
System Properties Comparison ClickHouse vs. Neo4j vs. OrientDB vs. SingleStore vs. Solr
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Name | ClickHouse Xexclude from comparison | Neo4j Xexclude from comparison | OrientDB Xexclude from comparison | SingleStore former name was MemSQL Xexclude from comparison | Solr Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering. | Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings | Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value) | MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type | A widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucene | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Graph DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS Key-value store | Relational DBMS | Search engine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Time Series DBMS | Document store Spatial DBMS Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | Spatial DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | clickhouse.com | neo4j.com | orientdb.org | www.singlestore.com | solr.apache.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | clickhouse.com/docs | neo4j.com/docs | www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html | docs.singlestore.com | solr.apache.org/resources.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | Clickhouse Inc. | Neo4j, Inc. | OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP | SingleStore Inc. | Apache Software Foundation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2016 | 2007 | 2010 | 2013 | 2006 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | v24.4.1.2088-stable, May 2024 | 5.19, April 2024 | 3.2.29, March 2024 | 8.5, January 2024 | 9.6.0, April 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache 2.0 | Open Source GPL version3, commercial licenses available | Open Source Apache version 2 | commercial free developer edition available | Open Source Apache Version 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers. | SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implementation language | C++ | Java, Scala | Java | C++, Go | Java | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | FreeBSD Linux macOS | Linux Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database. OS X Solaris Windows | All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6) | Linux 64 bit version required | All OS with a Java VM runs as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | yes | schema-free and schema-optional | schema-free Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid") | yes | yes Dynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fields | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes supports customizable data types and automatic typing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | yes | yes pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene | yes | yes | yes All search fields are automatically indexed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions) | no | SQL-like query language, no joins | yes but no triggers and foreign keys | Solr Parallel SQL Interface | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | gRPC HTTP REST JDBC MySQL wire protocol ODBC PostgreSQL wire protocol Proprietary protocol | Bolt protocol Cypher query language Java API Neo4j-OGM Object Graph Mapper RESTful HTTP API Spring Data Neo4j TinkerPop 3 | Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes Java API RESTful HTTP/JSON API | Cluster Management API as HTTP Rest and CLI HTTP API JDBC MongoDB API ODBC | Java API RESTful HTTP/JSON API | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | C# 3rd party library C++ Elixir 3rd party library Go 3rd party library Java 3rd party library JavaScript (Node.js) 3rd party library Kotlin 3rd party library Nim 3rd party library Perl 3rd party library PHP 3rd party library Python 3rd party library R 3rd party library Ruby 3rd party library Rust Scala 3rd party library | .Net Clojure Elixir Go Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | .Net C C# C++ Clojure Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby Scala | Bash C C# Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python | .Net Erlang Java JavaScript any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes | yes User defined Procedures and Functions | Java, Javascript | yes | Java plugins | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | no | yes via event handler | Hooks | no | yes User configurable commands triggered on index changes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | key based and custom | yes using Neo4j Fabric | Sharding | Sharding hash partitioning | Sharding | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages. | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol available in in Enterprise Version only | Multi-source replication | Source-replica replication stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no could be achieved with distributed queries | no can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations | spark-solr: github.com/lucidworks/spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | yes Relationships in graphs | yes relationship in graphs | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | no | ACID | ACID | ACID | optimistic locking | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log. | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication. | Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos) | Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable | Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ClickHouse | Neo4j | OrientDB | SingleStore former name was MemSQL | Solr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specific characteristics | Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale... » more | SingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Competitive advantages | Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely... » more | SingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typical application scenarios | Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network... » more | Driving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key customers | Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers... » more | IEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Market metrics | Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million... » more | Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Licensing and pricing models | GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial... » more | F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
News | This Week in Neo4j: Podcast, GraphRAG, GraphQL, Chatbot and more Neo4j Joins the Connect with Confluent Partner Program 10 Inspiring Projects to Spark Your NODES 2024 Presentation New Security Feature in Neo4j Aura: Customer Managed Keys Safeguarding Elections: How Graph Technology Powers Groundbreaking Research on Political Ads | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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3rd parties | DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale. » more Aiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics. » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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ClickHouse | Neo4j | OrientDB | SingleStore former name was MemSQL | Solr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | Applying Graph Analytics to Game of Thrones MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking The openCypher Project: Help Shape the SQL for Graphs | Graph DBMS increased their popularity by 500% within the last 2 years Graph DBMSs are gaining in popularity faster than any other database category | Turbocharge Your Application Development Using WebAssembly With SingleStoreDB Cloud-Based Analytics With SingleStoreDB SingleStore: The Increasing Momentum of Multi-Model Database Systems | Elasticsearch replaced Solr as the most popular search engine Enterprise Search Engines almost double their popularity in the last 12 months The DB-Engines ranking includes now search engines Why Clickhouse Should Be Your Next Database ClickHouse Cloud & Amazon S3 Express One Zone: Making a blazing fast analytical database even faster | Amazon ... A 1000x Faster Database Solution: ClickHouse’s Aaron Katz ClickHouse Announces Launch of ClickPipes From Open Source to SaaS: the Journey of ClickHouse provided by Google News Neo4j Announces Collaboration with Microsoft to Advance GenAI and Data Solutions USA - English - India - English Neo4j CTO says new Graph Query Language standard will have 'massive ripple effects' Neo4j Is Planning IPO on Nasdaq, Largest Owner Greenbridge Says Neo4j Empowers Syracuse University with $250K Grant to Tackle Misinformation in 2024 Elections Leveraging Neo4j and Amazon Bedrock for an Explainable, Secure, and Connected Generative AI Solution | Amazon ... provided by Google News The 12 Best Graph Databases to Consider for 2024 OrientDB: A Flexible and Scalable Multi-Model NoSQL DBMS Comparing Graph Databases II. Part 2: ArangoDB, OrientDB, and… | by Sam Bell ArangoDB raises $10 million for NoSQL database management K2View updates DataOps platform with data fabric automation provided by Google News SingleStore CEO sees little future for purpose-built vector databases SingleStore Announces Real-time Data Platform to Further Accelerate AI, Analytics and Application Development Building a Modern Database: Nikita Shamgunov on Postgres and Beyond SingleStore adds indexed vector search to Pro Max release for faster AI work – Blocks and Files Announcing watsonx.ai and SingleStore for generative AI applications provided by Google News (SOLR) Technical Data SOLR-led walkout demands better conditions for Compass workers SOLR hosts May Day amid ongoing contract negotiations SOLR hosts teach-in of labor movements at Northwestern SearchStax Launches Serverless Solr Service to Accelerate Cloud-Native Application Development provided by Google News |
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