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DBMS > Citus vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. STSdb vs. TimescaleDB vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. STSdb vs. TimescaleDB vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonSTSdb  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerKey-Value Store with special method for indexing infooptimized for high performance using a special indexing methodA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQLCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score72.95
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.03
Rank#365  Overall
#54  Key-value stores
Score4.06
Rank#73  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Score9.62
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasegithub.com/­STSSoft/­STSdb4www.timescale.comwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.timescale.comvertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperMicrosoftSTS Soft SCTimescaleOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release20102010201120172005
Current release8.1, December 2018V124.0.8, September 20152.15.0, May 202412.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++C#CC++
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedWindowsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesyesYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoprimitive types and user defined types (classes)numerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesnoyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntaxFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Transact SQLnouser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shellyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersyesyesnoyesyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributeshorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes, with always 3 replicas availablenoneSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas infoMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

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More resources
CitusMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureSTSdbTimescaleDBVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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