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DBMS > Citus vs. Ingres vs. MariaDB vs. Percona Server for MongoDB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Ingres vs. MariaDB vs. Percona Server for MongoDB vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonPercona Server for MongoDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLWell established RDBMSMySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.A drop-in replacement for MongoDB Community Edition with enterprise-grade features.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score93.21
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score0.52
Rank#254  Overall
#39  Document stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresmariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
www.percona.com/­mongodb/­software/­percona-server-for-mongodbwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comdocs.actian.com/­ingresmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarydocs.percona.com/­percona-distribution-for-mongodbwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperActian CorporationMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
PerconaPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20101974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 199520151989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release8.1, December 201811.2, May 202211.3.2, February 20243.4.10-2.10, November 201716.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availableOpen Source infoGPL Version 2Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageCCC and C++C++C
Server operating systemsLinuxAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
LinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyes infoDynamic columns are supportedschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityno infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsnoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
proprietary protocol using JSONADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Actionscript
C
C#
C++
Clojure
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Smalltalk
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3JavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyseveral options for horizontal partitioning and ShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsIngres ReplicatorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage enginenoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage enginenoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infowith MEMORY storage engineyes infovia In-Memory Engineno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
CitusIngresMariaDBPercona Server for MongoDBPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsMariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more
Competitive advantagesMariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more
Typical application scenariosWeb, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more
Key customersDeutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more
Market metricsMariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more

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More resources
CitusIngresMariaDBPercona Server for MongoDBPostgreSQL
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