DBMS > Citus vs. EDB Postgres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. EDB Postgres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

The EDB Postgres Platform is an enterprise-class data management platform based on the open source database PostgreSQL with flexible deployment options and Oracle compatibility features, complemented by tool kits for management, integration, and migration.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.21
Rank	#118	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	1.90
Rank	#135	Overall
	#63	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	3.19
Rank	#93	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#14	Key-value stores

Score	121.33
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Website

www.citusdata.com

www.enterprisedb.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

orientdb.org

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

docs.citusdata.com

www.enterprisedb.com/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

EnterpriseDB

Microsoft

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

2010

2005

1989

2010

2014

Current release

8.1, December 2018

14, December 2021

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

3.2.29, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

commercial

BSD for PostgreSQL-components

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

standard with numerous extensions

yes

SQL-like query language, no joins

yes

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Java, Javascript

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Hooks

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

by hash, list or range

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Multi-source replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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