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DBMS > Cassandra vs. PostgreSQL vs. QuestDB vs. RRDtool

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. PostgreSQL vs. QuestDB vs. RRDtool

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparisonRRDtool  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA high performance open source SQL database for time series dataIndustry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database. infoThe data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.52
Rank#109  Overall
#9  Time Series DBMS
Score1.87
Rank#136  Overall
#11  Time Series DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.postgresql.orgquestdb.iooss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.postgresql.org/­docsquestdb.io/­docsoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool/­doc
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerQuestDB Technology IncTobias Oetiker
Initial release20081989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20141999
Current release4.1.3, July 202316.3, May 20241.8.0, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPL V2 and FLOSS
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCJava (Zero-GC), C++, RustC infoImplementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
HP-UX
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocolyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesNumeric data only
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono infoExporting into and restoring from XML files possible
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesnono
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL with time-series extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
in-process shared library
Pipes
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
C infowith librrd library
C# infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Java infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js) infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP infowith a wrapper library
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nono
Triggersyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)none
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication with eventual consistencynone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID for single-table writesno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoby using the rrdcached daemon
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infothrough memory mapped filesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraPostgreSQLQuestDBRRDtool
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
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