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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMSIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelWide column storeWide column storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score4.04
Rank#77  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score111.41
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tableswww.postgresql.orgwww.sqlite.orgwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.postgresql.org/­docswww.sqlite.org/­docs.htmldocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerDwayne Richard HippOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release200820121989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20001998
Current release4.1.3, July 202316.3, May 20243.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 202411 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoPublic Domaincommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
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Implementation languageJavaCC
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
server-lessAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyes infodynamic column typesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedyes
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noPL/SQL
Triggersyesnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Sharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsoptimistic lockingACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infovia file-system locksyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraMicrosoft Azure Table StoragePostgreSQLSQLiteTimesTen
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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