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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Lovefield vs. MariaDB vs. Milvus vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Lovefield vs. MariaDB vs. Milvus vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptMySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSVector DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score93.21
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score2.31
Rank#113  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orggoogle.github.io/­lovefieldmariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
milvus.iowww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarymilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdwww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
Dwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release200820142009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 199520192000
Current release4.1.3, July 20232.1.12, February 201711.3.2, February 20242.3.4, January 20243.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageJavaJavaScriptC and C++C++, GoC
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariFreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
Linux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
server-less
Data schemeschema-freeyesyes infoDynamic columns are supportedyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesVector, Numeric and Stringyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternyes infowith proprietary extensionsnoyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaScriptAda
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3nono
TriggersyesUsing read-only observersyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"noneseveral options for horizontal partitioning and ShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage enginenoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage enginenoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infousing MemoryDByes infowith MEMORY storage engineyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole based access control and fine grained access rightsno
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraLovefieldMariaDBMilvusSQLite
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
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