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DBMS > Cassandra vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Postgres-XL vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Postgres-XL vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresHigh-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelWide column storeKey-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Spatial DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score0.49
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score2.91
Rank#102  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.postgres-xl.orgwww.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationdocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleMicrosoftYugabyte Inc.
Initial release2008201120142014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB2017
Current release4.1.3, July 20231.23, February 202110 R1, October 20182.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoMozilla public licenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.
Implementation languageJavaC++CC and C++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Linux
OS X
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeyesdepending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infoJSON typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noSQL-like query languageyes infodistributed, parallel query executionyes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoJavaScriptuser defined functionsyes infosql, plpgsql, C
TriggersyesnoJavaScriptyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"noneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioningHash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceBased on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyStrong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACID infoMVCCDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnoAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraLevelDBMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBPostgres-XLYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more
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