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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Kinetica vs. Oracle vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Kinetica vs. Oracle vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonKinetica  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessFully vectorized database across both GPUs and CPUsWidely used RDBMSVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score103.86
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.69
Rank#234  Overall
#107  Relational DBMS
Score1234.27
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score4.20
Rank#83  Overall
#14  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#45  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.kinetica.comwww.oracle.com/­databasevirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.kinetica.comdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasedocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookKineticaOracleOpenLink Software
Initial release2008201219801998
Current release4.1.3, July 20237.1, August 202123c, September 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaC, C++C and C++C
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyes infotriggers when inserted values for one or more columns fall within a specified rangeyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnono infocan be realized in PL/SQLyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoGPU vRAM or System RAMyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users and roles on table levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraKineticaOracleVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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