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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TiDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessHigh performance Time Series DBMSMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelWide column storeTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score7.55
Rank#53  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score4.66
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgkx.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverpingcap.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestcode.kx.comlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMicrosoftPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release20082000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 200319892016
Current release4.1.3, July 20233.6, May 2018SQL Server 2022, November 20228.0.0, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageJavaqC++Go, Rust
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesno
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL-like query language (q)yesyes
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
Triggersyesyes infowith viewsyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"horizontal partitioningtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationhorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSource-replica replicationyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesno infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingnoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectrights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraKdbMicrosoft SQL ServerTiDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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upon request
» more
TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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More resources
CassandraKdbMicrosoft SQL ServerTiDB
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