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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Immudb vs. Lovefield vs. RDFox vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Immudb vs. Lovefield vs. RDFox vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelWide column storeKey-value storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#308  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orggithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
google.github.io/­lovefieldwww.oxfordsemantic.techwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.immudb.iogithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.oxfordsemantic.techwww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookCodenotaryGoogleOxford Semantic TechnologiesDwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release20082020201420172000
Current release4.1.3, July 20231.2.3, April 20222.1.12, February 20176.0, Septermber 20223.45.3  (15 April 2024), April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaGoJavaScriptC++C
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariLinux
macOS
Windows
server-less
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyes infoRDF schemasyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL-like syntaxSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternnoyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScriptC
Java
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononono
TriggersyesnoUsing read-only observersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenonereplication via a shared file systemnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infousing MemoryDByesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnoRoles, resources, and access typesno
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraImmudbLovefieldRDFoxSQLite
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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