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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. RDFox vs. Spark SQL vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. RDFox vs. Spark SQL vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingHigh-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelWide column storeKey-value store
Wide column store
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Relational DBMSDocument store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.29
Rank#300  Overall
#24  Graph DBMS
#13  RDF stores
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score2.63
Rank#109  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.oxfordsemantic.techspark.apache.org/­sqlwww.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.oxfordsemantic.techspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleOxford Semantic TechnologiesApache Software FoundationYugabyte Inc.
Initial release20082015201720142017
Current release4.1.3, July 20236.0, Septermber 20223.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20232.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.
Implementation languageJavaC++ScalaC and C++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyes infoRDF schemasyesdepending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)nonoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
Java
Java
Python
R
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoyes infosql, plpgsql, C
Triggersyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardingyes, utilizing Spark CoreHash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesreplication via a shared file systemnoneBased on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setupsStrong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsAtomic single-row operationsACIDnoDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Roles, resources, and access typesnoyes
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraGoogle Cloud BigtableRDFoxSpark SQLYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more
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