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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Postgres-XL vs. SAP HANA vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Postgres-XL vs. SAP HANA vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresIn-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud serviceHigh-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelWide column storeKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.49
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score44.69
Rank#22  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Score2.91
Rank#102  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.postgres-xl.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­hana.htmlwww.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docswww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationhelp.sap.com/­hanadocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleSAPYugabyte Inc.
Initial release200820152014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB20102017
Current release4.1.3, July 202310 R1, October 20182.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 20232.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoMozilla public licensecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono infoalso available as a cloud based serviceno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.
Implementation languageJavaCC and C++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Appliance or cloud-serviceLinux
OS X
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesdepending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noyes infodistributed, parallel query executionyesyes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functionsSQLScript, Ryes infosql, plpgsql, C
Triggersyesnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardinghorizontal partitioningyesHash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyesBased on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyStrong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsAtomic single-row operationsACID infoMVCCACIDDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesyes
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraGoogle Cloud BigtablePostgres-XLSAP HANAYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more

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More resources
CassandraGoogle Cloud BigtablePostgres-XLSAP HANAYugabyteDB
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