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DBMS > Cassandra vs. FoundationDB vs. Lovefield vs. RavenDB vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. FoundationDB vs. Lovefield vs. RavenDB vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelWide column storeDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score2.92
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldravendb.netwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestapple.github.io/­foundationdbgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdravendb.net/­docswww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookFoundationDBGoogleHibernating RhinosDwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release20082013201420102000
Current release4.1.3, July 20236.2.28, November 20202.1.12, February 20175.4, July 20223.45.3  (15 April 2024), April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availableOpen Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaC++JavaScriptC#C
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariLinux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
server-less
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesschema-freeyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesnoyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)supported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternSQL-like query language (RQL)yes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
JavaScript.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlynoyesno
TriggersyesnoUsing read-only observersyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyesnoneMulti-source replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Linearizable consistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlyyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infousing MemoryDByes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnonoAuthorization levels configured per client per databaseno
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraFoundationDBLovefieldRavenDBSQLite
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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