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DBMS > Cassandra vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HarperDB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HarperDB vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Document storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.60
Rank#244  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgduckdb.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.harperdb.iowww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestduckdb.org/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.harperdb.io/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleHarperDBPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20082018201520171989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release4.1.3, July 20231.0.0, June 20243.1, August 202116.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial infofree community edition availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
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Implementation languageJavaC++Node.jsC
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
server-lesshostedLinux
OS X
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freedynamic schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infoJSON data typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesnoSQL-like data manipulation statementsyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoCustom Functions infosince release 3.1user defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"noneShardingA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clusterpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenoneInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definedSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDAtomic single-row operationsAtomic execution of specific operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, using LMDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraDuckDBGoogle Cloud BigtableHarperDBPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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