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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Drizzle vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Drizzle vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonDrizzle  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Drizzle has published its last release in September 2012. The open-source project is discontinued and Drizzle is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessMySQL fork with a pluggable micro-kernel and with an emphasis of performance over compatibility.MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.Search-as-a-service for web and mobile app developmentVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engineDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score93.21
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score5.59
Rank#63  Overall
#7  Search engines
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitecassandra.apache.orgmariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
azure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­searchvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarylearn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­searchdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookDrizzle project, originally started by Brian AkerMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
MicrosoftOpenLink Software
Initial release200820082009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 199520151998
Current release4.1.3, July 20237.2.4, September 201211.3.2, February 2024V17.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoGNU GPLOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaC++C and C++C
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
hostedAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyes infoDynamic columns are supportedyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyes
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infowith proprietary extensionsnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
JDBCADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C++
Java
PHP
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3noyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesno infohooks for callbacks inside the server can be used.yesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardingseveral options for horizontal partitioning and ShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage enginenoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage enginenoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infowith MEMORY storage enginenoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectPluggable authentication mechanisms infoe.g. LDAP, HTTPfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousing Azure authenticationFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraDrizzleMariaDBMicrosoft Azure AI SearchVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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3rd partiesCassandra Forward event: Want to level up your Cassandra game? Watch now replays of the March 2023 sessions.
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CData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers.
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CassandraDrizzleMariaDBMicrosoft Azure AI SearchVirtuoso
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