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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Dgraph vs. FoundationDB vs. GridDB vs. NuoDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Dgraph vs. FoundationDB vs. GridDB vs. NuoDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGridDB  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Scalable in-memory time series database optimized for IoT and Big DataNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions
Primary database modelWide column storeGraph DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Time Series DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Key-value store
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score1.95
Rank#128  Overall
#10  Time Series DBMS
Score0.89
Rank#198  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgdgraph.iogithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgriddb.netwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-database
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdgraph.io/­docsapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.griddb.netdoc.nuodb.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookDgraph Labs, Inc.FoundationDBToshiba CorporationDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.
Initial release20082016201320132013
Current release4.1.3, July 20236.2.28, November 20205.1, August 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL version 3 and Apache License, version 2.0 , commercial license (standard and advanced editions) also availablecommercial infolimited edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaGoC++C++C++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linuxhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesno infosome layers support typingyes infonumerical, string, blob, geometry, boolean, timestampyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)nosupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL92, SQL-like TQL (Toshiba Query Language)yes
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoin SQL-layer onlynoJava, SQL
Triggersyesnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"yesShardingShardingdata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSynchronous replication via RaftyesSource-replica replicationyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDB
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonoConnector for using GridDB as an input source and output destination for Hadoop MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate consistency within container, eventual consistency across containersImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoin SQL-layer onlynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDACID at container levelACID infotunable commit protocol
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoMVCC
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infoTemporary table
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectno infoPlanned for future releasesnoAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraDgraphFoundationDBGridDBNuoDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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GridDB is a highly scalable, in-memory time series database optimized for IoT and...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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1. Optimized for IoT Equipped with Toshiba's proprietary key-container data model...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Factory IoT, Automative Industry, Energy, BEMS, Smart Community, Monitoring system.
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Denso International [see use case ] An Electric Power company [see use case ] Ishinomaki...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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GitHub trending repository
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
Open Source license (AGPL v3 & Apache v2) Commercial license (subscription)
» more
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