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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Datomic vs. PostgreSQL vs. RocksDB vs. UniData,UniVerse

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Datomic vs. PostgreSQL vs. RocksDB vs. UniData,UniVerse

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRocksDB  Xexclude from comparisonUniData,UniVerse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLEmbeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)MultiValue database and application server with SQL mapping layer and meta database capabilities
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Key-value storeMultivalue DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score3.41
Rank#86  Overall
#11  Key-value stores
Score2.85
Rank#98  Overall
#1  Multivalue DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.datomic.comwww.postgresql.orgrocksdb.orgwww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-unidata
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.datomic.comwww.postgresql.org/­docsgithub.com/­facebook/­rocksdb/­wikidocs.rocketsoftware.com/­bundle?cluster=true&labelkey=unidata&labelkey=prod_unidata
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookCognitectPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerFacebook, Inc.Rocket Software
Initial release200820121989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20131985
Current release4.1.3, July 20231.0.7075, December 202316.3, May 20249.2.1, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJava, ClojureCC++C
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
LinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnooptional
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
C++ API
Java API
Java API infoJPA
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
SOAP-based API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Clojure
Java
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby
.Net
Basic infoU2 Basic
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoTransaction Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noyes
TriggersyesBy using transaction functionsyesyes infoU2 Basic
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peerspartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDyesACID infoconfigurable
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights according to SQL-standard and operating system based
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraDatomicPostgreSQLRocksDBUniData,UniVerse
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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