DBMS > Cassandra vs. CrateDB vs. IBM Db2 Event Store vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL
System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. CrateDB vs. IBM Db2 Event Store vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL
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Name | Cassandra Xexclude from comparison | CrateDB Xexclude from comparison | IBM Db2 Event Store Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft SQL Server Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB Optimized for write access | Distributed Database based on Lucene | Distributed Event Store optimized for Internet of Things use cases | Microsofts flagship relational DBMS | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Wide column store | Document store Spatial DBMS Search engine Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | Event Store Time Series DBMS | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Vector DBMS starting with release V5 | Relational DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache Age Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | cassandra.apache.org | cratedb.com | www.ibm.com/products/db2-event-store | www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server | www.postgresql.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest | cratedb.com/docs | www.ibm.com/docs/en/db2-event-store | learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server | www.postgresql.org/docs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | Apache Software Foundation Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook | Crate | IBM | Microsoft | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2008 | 2013 | 2017 | 1989 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | 4.1.3, July 2023 | 2.0 | SQL Server 2022, November 2022 | 16.3, May 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache version 2 | Open Source | commercial free developer edition available | commercial restricted free version is available | Open Source BSD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra. | CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform. | SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant. |
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Implementation language | Java | Java | C and C++ | C++ | C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | BSD Linux OS X Windows | All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator support | Linux Linux, macOS, Windows for the developer addition | Linux Windows | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | schema-free | Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | no | yes | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | restricted only equality queries, not always the best performing solution | yes | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL) | yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibility | yes through the embedded Spark runtime | yes | yes standard with numerous extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | Proprietary protocol CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language) Thrift | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC PostgreSQL wire protocol Prometheus Remote Read/Write RESTful HTTP API | ADO.NET DB2 Connect JDBC ODBC RESTful HTTP API | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC OLE DB Tabular Data Stream (TDS) | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | C# C++ Clojure Erlang Go Haskell Java JavaScript Node.js Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | .NET Erlang Go community maintained client Java JavaScript (Node.js) community maintained client Perl community maintained client PHP Python R Ruby community maintained client Scala community maintained client | C C# C++ Cobol Delphi Fortran Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python R Ruby Scala Visual Basic | C# C++ Delphi Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python R Ruby Visual Basic | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBC JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | user defined functions (Javascript) | yes | Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | yes | no | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding no "single point of failure" | Sharding | Sharding | tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | selectable replication factor Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible | Configurable replication on table/partition-level | Active-active shard replication | yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | yes | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency can be individually decided for each write operation | Eventual Consistency Read-after-write consistency on record level | Eventual Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | no Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations | no unique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategy | no | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | No - written data is immutable | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | Yes - Synchronous writes to local disk combined with replication and asynchronous writes in parquet format to permanent shared storage | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | no | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | Access rights for users can be defined per object | rights management via user accounts | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cassandra | CrateDB | IBM Db2 Event Store | Microsoft SQL Server | PostgreSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specific characteristics | Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well... » more | The enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Competitive advantages | No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for... » more | Response time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typical application scenarios | Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product... » more | IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key customers | Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best... » more | Across all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Market metrics | Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100. » more | The CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Licensing and pricing models | Apache license Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available... » more | See CrateDB pricing > » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
News | How Concide Built its Chat Platform with Enhanced Document Management for Legal Tech Professionals Astra Vectorize: Generate Vector Embeddings with 1 Line of Code GitHub Copilot + DataStax Astra DB: Build GenAI Apps 100x Faster | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Cassandra | CrateDB | IBM Db2 Event Store | Microsoft SQL Server | PostgreSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | Cassandra keeps climbing the ranks of the DB-Engines Ranking Oracle is the DBMS of the Year Winners, losers and an attractive newcomer in Novembers DB-Engines ranking | MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019 The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire Microsoft SQL Server is the DBMS of the Year | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 Microsoft Build 2024: Cosmos DB for NoSQL gets vector search Cassandra is the “best f*cking database for gen AI,” says DataStax CEO Why Apache Cassandra 5.0 Is a Game-Changer for Developers How Uber Optimized Cassandra Operations At Scale Here's What to Know About Apache Cassandra 5.0 provided by Google News CrateDB Announces Availability of CrateDB on Google Cloud Marketplace CrateDB Partners with HiveMQ to Advance IoT Data Management and Analytics Across Industries How We Designed CrateDB as a Realtime SQL DBMS for the Internet of Things Crate.io Introduces CrateDB 2.0 Enterprise and Open Source Editions Crate.io Expands CrateDB Cloud with the Launch of CrateDB Edge provided by Google News Advancements in streaming data storage, real-time analysis and machine learning IBM Builds New Ultra-Fast Platform for Hoovering Up and Analyzing Data from Anywhere How IBM Is Turning Db2 into an 'AI Database' Best cloud databases of 2022 provided by Google News A generative AI use case using Amazon RDS for SQL Server as a vector data store | Amazon Web Services SolarWinds Updates Plan Explorer to Boost SQL Query Performance SQL Server vNext: When and What Is Coming Data Virtualization in SQL Server 2022 SQL Server 2014 end of support: Keep your customers secure provided by Google News Enterprise DB begins rolling AI features into PostgreSQL How LeadSquared accelerated chatbot deployments with generative AI using Amazon Bedrock and Amazon Aurora ... Nutanix partners with EDB to fit database service for AI – Blocks and Files How to Import CSV Data Into PostgreSQL Using Spring Boot Batch EDB unveils EDB Postgres AI provided by Google News |
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