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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Citus vs. MongoDB vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Citus vs. MongoDB vs. YugabyteDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonMongoDB  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLOne of the most popular document stores available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructureHigh-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document storeSpatial DBMS
Search engine infointegrated Lucene index, currently in MongoDB Atlas only.
Time Series DBMS infoTime Series Collections introduced in Release 5.0
Vector DBMS infocurrently available in the MongoDB Atlas cloud service only
Document store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score421.65
Rank#5  Overall
#1  Document stores
Score2.91
Rank#102  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comwww.mongodb.comwww.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.citusdata.comwww.mongodb.com/­docs/­manualdocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMongoDB, IncYugabyte Inc.
Initial release2008201020092017
Current release4.1.3, July 20238.1, December 20186.0.7, June 20232.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoMongoDB Inc.'s Server Side Public License v1. Prior versions were published under GNU AGPL v3.0. Commercial licenses are also available.Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono infoMongoDB available as DBaaS (MongoDB Atlas)no
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageJavaCC++C and C++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free infoAlthough schema-free, documents of the same collection often follow the same structure. Optionally impose all or part of a schema by defining a JSON schema.depending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, decimal, boolean, date, object_id, geospatialyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infostandard, with numerous extensionsRead-only SQL queries via the MongoDB Atlas SQL Interfaceyes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL
HTTP REST
Prisma
proprietary protocol using JSON
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Actionscript infounofficial driver
C
C#
C++
Clojure infounofficial driver
ColdFusion infounofficial driver
D infounofficial driver
Dart infounofficial driver
Delphi infounofficial driver
Erlang
Go
Groovy infounofficial driver
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Lisp infounofficial driver
Lua infounofficial driver
MatLab infounofficial driver
Perl
PHP
PowerShell infounofficial driver
Prolog infounofficial driver
Python
R infounofficial driver
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Smalltalk infounofficial driver
Swift
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.JavaScriptyes infosql, plpgsql, C
Triggersyesyesyes infoin MongoDB Atlas onlyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingSharding infoPartitioned by hashed, ranged, or zoned sharding keys. Live resharding allows users to change their shard keys as an online operation with zero downtime.Hash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-Source deployments with MongoDB Atlas Global Clusters
Source-replica replication
Based on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infocan be individually decided for each read operation
Immediate Consistency infodefault behaviour
Strong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno infotypically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possibleyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDMulti-document ACID Transactions with snapshot isolationDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infooptional, enabled by defaultyes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infoIn-memory storage engine introduced with MongoDB version 3.2no
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesyes
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraCitusMongoDBYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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MongoDB provides an integrated suite of cloud database and data services to accelerate...
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YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Built around the flexible document data model and unified API, MongoDB is a developer...
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PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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AI-enriched intelligent apps (Continental, Telefonica, Iron Mountain) Internet of...
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Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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ADP, Adobe, Amadeus, AstraZeneca, Auto Trader, Barclays, BBVA, Bosch, Cisco, CERN,...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Hundreds of millions downloads, over 150,000+ Atlas clusters provisioned every month...
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2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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MongoDB database server: Server-Side Public License (SSPL) . Commercial licenses...
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Apache 2.0 license for the database
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