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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. NuoDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. NuoDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.89
Rank#198  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comdgraph.ioazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-database
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.citusdata.comdgraph.io/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldoc.nuodb.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookDgraph Labs, Inc.MicrosoftDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.
Initial release20082010201620102013
Current release4.1.3, July 20238.1, December 2018V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial infolimited edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaCGoC++C++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyesno
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyesyes
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noTransact SQLJava, SQL
Triggersyesyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardingyesdata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSynchronous replication via Raftyes, with always 3 replicas availableyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDB
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDACIDACID infotunable commit protocol
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoMVCC
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infoTemporary table
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraCitusDgraphMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureNuoDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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