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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Citus vs. CockroachDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Citus vs. CockroachDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comwww.cockroachlabs.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.citusdata.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookCockroach LabsMicrosoft
Initial release2008201020152010
Current release4.1.3, July 20238.1, December 201824.1.0, May 2024V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaCGoC++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
hosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesdynamic schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyes
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyes
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBCADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noTransact SQL
Triggersyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardinghorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication using RAFTyes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraCitusCockroachDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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