DBMS > Blazegraph vs. Cassandra vs. etcd vs. FoundationDB vs. MonetDB

System Properties Comparison Blazegraph vs. Cassandra vs. etcd vs. FoundationDB vs. MonetDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Amazon has acquired Blazegraph's domain and (probably) product. It is said that Amazon Neptune is based on Blazegraph.

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

High-performance graph database supporting Semantic Web (RDF/SPARQL) and Graph Database (tinkerpop3, blueprints, vertex-centric) APIs with scale-out and High Availability.

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

A distributed reliable key-value store

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

A relational database management system that stores data in columns

Primary database model

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.81
Rank	#213	Overall
	#19	Graph DBMS
	#8	RDF stores

Score	98.83
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	7.03
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	1.06
Rank	#185	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#85	Relational DBMS

Score	1.72
Rank	#141	Overall
	#64	Relational DBMS

Website

blazegraph.com

cassandra.apache.org

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

github.com/apple/foundationdb

www.monetdb.org

Technical documentation

wiki.blazegraph.com

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

apple.github.io/foundationdb

www.monetdb.org/Documentation

Developer

Blazegraph

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

FoundationDB

MonetDB BV

Initial release

2006

2008

2013

2004

Current release

2.1.5, March 2019

4.1.3, July 2023

3.4, August 2019

6.2.28, November 2020

Dec2023 (11.49), December 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

extended commercial license available

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Mozilla Public License 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

some layers support schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

RDF literal types

yes

some layers support typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SPARQL is used as query language

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

supported in specific SQL layer only

yes

SQL 2003 with some extensions

APIs and other access methods

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL QUERY
SPARQL UPDATE
TinkerPop 3

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

JDBC
native C library

MAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

in SQL-layer only

yes, in SQL, C, R

Triggers

yes

yes, watching key changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

Sharding

Sharding via remote tables

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

yes

none

Source-replica replication available in experimental status

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency

Linearizable consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in Graphs

in SQL-layer only

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Security and Authentication via Web Application Container (Tomcat, Jetty)

Access rights for users can be defined per object

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Key customers

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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

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