DBMS > ArangoDB vs. Firebird vs. MariaDB vs. Neo4j vs. ScyllaDB
System Properties Comparison ArangoDB vs. Firebird vs. MariaDB vs. Neo4j vs. ScyllaDB
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Name | ArangoDB Xexclude from comparison | Firebird Xexclude from comparison | MariaDB Xexclude from comparison | Neo4j Xexclude from comparison | ScyllaDB Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Native multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language. | Firebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBase | MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL. | Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings | Cassandra and DynamoDB compatible wide column store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Document store Graph DBMS Key-value store Search engine | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS | Graph DBMS | Wide column store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS with OQGraph storage engine Spatial DBMS | Key-value store | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | arangodb.com | www.firebirdsql.org | mariadb.com Site of MariaDB Corporation mariadb.org Site of MariaDB Foundation | neo4j.com | www.scylladb.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | docs.arangodb.com | www.firebirdsql.org/en/reference-manuals | mariadb.com/kb/en/library | neo4j.com/docs | docs.scylladb.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Developer | ArangoDB Inc. | Firebird Foundation | MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise), MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL | Neo4j, Inc. | ScyllaDB | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2012 | 2000 As fork of Borland's InterBase | 2009 Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995 | 2007 | 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | 3.11.5, November 2023 | 5.0.0, January 2024 | 11.3.2, February 2024 | 5.20, May 2024 | ScyllaDB Open Source 5.4.1, January 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) available | Open Source Initial Developer's Public License | Open Source GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available | Open Source GPL version3, commercial licenses available | Open Source Open Source (AGPL), commercial license available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour. | STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant. | Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers. | Scylla Cloud: Create real-time applications that run at global scale with Scylla Cloud, the industry’s most powerful NoSQL DBaaS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implementation language | C++ | C and C++ | C and C++ | Java, Scala | C++ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | Linux OS X Windows | AIX FreeBSD HP-UX Linux OS X server-less Firebird Embedded Server Solaris Unix Windows | FreeBSD Linux Solaris Windows ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows | Linux Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database. OS X Solaris Windows | Linux | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | schema-free automatically recognizes schema within a collection | yes | yes Dynamic columns are supported | schema-free and schema-optional | schema-free | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes string, double, boolean, list, hash | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | yes pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene | yes cluster global secondary indices | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | no | yes | yes with proprietary extensions | no | SQL-like DML and DDL statements (CQL) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | AQL Foxx Framework Graph API (Gremlin) GraphQL query language HTTP API Java & SpringData JSON style queries VelocyPack/VelocyStream | ADO.NET C/C++ API JDBC Jaybird ODBC OLE DB | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC Proprietary native API | Bolt protocol Cypher query language Java API Neo4j-OGM Object Graph Mapper RESTful HTTP API Spring Data Neo4j TinkerPop 3 | Proprietary protocol (CQL) compatible with CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language) RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible) Thrift | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | C# C++ Clojure Elixir Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python R Rust | C C# C++ Delphi Java JavaScript Node.js Lua Perl PHP Python Ruby | Ada C C# C++ D Eiffel Erlang Go Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme Tcl | .Net Clojure Elixir Go Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | For CQL interface: C#, C++, Clojure, Erlang, Go, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Node.js, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Rust, Scala For DynamoDB interface: .Net, ColdFusion, Erlang, Groovy, Java, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | JavaScript | PSQL | yes PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3 | yes User defined Procedures and Functions | yes, Lua | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | no | yes | yes | yes via event handler | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding since version 2.0 | none | several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding | yes using Neo4j Fabric | Sharding | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Source-replica replication with configurable replication factor | Source-replica replication | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol available in in Enterprise Version only | selectable replication factor Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no can be done with stored procedures in JavaScript | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency configurable per collection or per write Immediate Consistency OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics) | Immediate Consistency | Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode | Eventual Consistency Tunable Consistency can be individually decided for each write operation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes relationships in graphs | yes | yes not for MyISAM storage engine | yes Relationships in graphs | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID | ACID not for MyISAM storage engine | ACID | no Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes Features a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writers | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes not for in-memory storage engine | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes with MEMORY storage engine | yes in-memory tables | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | yes | Users with fine-grained authorization concept | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos) | Access rights for users can be defined per object | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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ArangoDB | Firebird | MariaDB | Neo4j | ScyllaDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specific characteristics | Graph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading... » more | MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON... » more | Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale... » more | ScyllaDB is engineered to deliver predictable performance at scale. It’s adopted... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Competitive advantages | Consolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document... » more | MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases.... » more | Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely... » more | Highly-performant (efficiently utilizes full resources of a node and network; millions... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typical application scenarios | Native multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across... » more | Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability... » more | Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network... » more | ScyllaDB is ideal for applications that require high throughput and low latency at... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key customers | Cisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,... » more | Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured... » more | Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers... » more | Discord, Epic Games, Expedia, Zillow, Comcast, Disney+ Hotstar, Samsung, ShareChat,... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Market metrics | ArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on... » more | MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,... » more | Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million... » more | ScyllaDB typically offers ~75% total cost of ownership savings, with ~5X higher throughput... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Licensing and pricing models | Very permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are... » more | MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,... » more | GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial... » more | ScyllaDB Open Source - free open source software (AGPL) ScyllaDB Enterprise - subscription-based... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
News | This Week in Neo4j: Llamaindex, Semantic Search, Graph Database, Entity Resolution and more Neo4j-Databricks Connector Delivers Deeper Insights, Faster GenAI Development This Week in Neo4j: Podcast, Testing, Knowledge Graph, GenAI and more Neo4j and Snowflake Bring Graph Data Science Into the AI Data Cloud RDF vs. Property Graphs: Choosing the Right Approach for Implementing a Knowledge Graph | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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3rd parties | Navicat for MariaDB provides a native environment for MariaDB database management and development. » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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ArangoDB | Firebird | MariaDB | Neo4j | ScyllaDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | The Weight of Relational Databases: Time for Multi-Model? | MariaDB strengthens its position in the open source RDBMS market PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2017 Big gains for Relational Database Management Systems in DB-Engines Ranking | Applying Graph Analytics to Game of Thrones MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking The openCypher Project: Help Shape the SQL for Graphs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recent citations in the news | ArangoGraphML: Simplifying the Power of Graph Machine Learning How to Build Knowledge Graph Enhanced Chatbot with ChatGPT and ArangoDB ArangoDB brings yet more money into graph database market with $27.8M round Open source graph database company ArangoDB raises $27.8M ArangoDB expands scope of graph database platform provided by Google News | DoNot Team's New Firebird Backdoor Hits Pakistan and Afghanistan 12 Top Open Source Databases to Consider Exploring the Firebird Database Albany Firebirds single-game tickets on sale Friday Top Databases for Artificial Intelligence, IoT, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Data Science, and Other Software Applications provided by Google News | MariaDB plc (NYSE:MRDB) Short Interest Down 16.9% in May Private equity offer for MariaDB gets thumbsup from shareholders RECOMMENDED CASH OFFER for MARIADB PLC by MERIDIAN BIDCO LLC ("Bidco") which is an Affiliate of K1 ... MariaDB plc: Shareholders speak, but execs are quiet Struggling database company MariaDB could be taken private in $37M deal provided by Google News | Neo4j employs knowledge graphs as part of the AI stack Neo4j Announces Collaboration with Microsoft to Advance GenAI and Data Solutions USA - English - India - English Neo4j graph analytics integrated with Snowflake’s AI cloud Using Neo4j’s graph database for AI in Azure Neo4j Is Planning IPO on Nasdaq, Largest Owner Greenbridge Says provided by Google News | Sleeping at Scale - Delivering 10k Timers per Second per Node with Rust, Tokio, Kafka, and Scylla ScyllaDB on AWS is a NoSQL Database Built for Gigabyte-to-Petabyte Scale | Amazon Web Services Scylla Eyes Cassandra's NoSQL Workloads ScyllaDB Database Review | eWeek Scylla review: Apache Cassandra supercharged provided by Google News |
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