DBMS > ArangoDB vs. Citus vs. dBASE vs. MariaDB vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison ArangoDB vs. Citus vs. dBASE vs. MariaDB vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Native multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

dBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

An in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.

Primary database model

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.30
Rank	#82	Overall
	#14	Document stores
	#5	Graph DBMS
	#10	Key-value stores
	#10	Search engines

Score	2.13
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	9.16
Rank	#43	Overall
	#27	Relational DBMS

Score	83.44
Rank	#15	Overall
	#10	Relational DBMS

Score	1.26
Rank	#164	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Website

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

docs.arangodb.com

docs.citusdata.com

www.dbase.com/support/knowledgebase

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/timesten/index.html

Social network pages

Developer

ArangoDB Inc.

Asthon Tate

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Oracle

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

2012

2010

1979

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

1998

Current release

3.11.5, November 2023

8.1, December 2018

dBASE 2019, 2019

11.5.2, August 2024

Release 22.1

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) available

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

commercial

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.

STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

DOS

dBase Classic
Windows

dBase Pro

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

IBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64

Data scheme

schema-free

automatically recognizes schema within a collection

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, double, boolean, list, hash

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

AQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

none

The IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

dBase proprietary IDE

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

C
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

The IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

since version 2.0

Sharding

none

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication with configurable replication factor

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be done with stored procedures in JavaScript

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

configurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMS

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Graph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading...
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MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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Competitive advantages

Consolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
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MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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Typical application scenarios

Native multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
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Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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Key customers

Cisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
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Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Market metrics

ArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
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MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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Licensing and pricing models

Very permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
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MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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