DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL vs. VoltDB vs. YottaDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL vs. VoltDB vs. YottaDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

A fast and solid embedded Key-value store

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

Relational DBMS

using the Octo plugin

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.06
Rank	#123	Overall
	#58	Relational DBMS

Score	636.25
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	18.04
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	1.47
Rank	#157	Overall
	#73	Relational DBMS

Score	0.28
Rank	#306	Overall
	#44	Key-value stores

Website

Technical documentation

phoenix.apache.org

www.postgresql.org/docs

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

docs.voltdb.com

yottadb.com/resources/documentation

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Apache Software Foundation

VoltDB Inc.

YottaDB, LLC

Initial release

2014

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2014

2010

2001

Current release

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

16.3, May 2024

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Open Source

AGPL 3.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Java

Scala

Java, C++

Server operating systems

Linux
Unix
Windows

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X

for development

Docker
Linux

Data scheme

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard with numerous extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

by using the Octo plugin

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

JDBC
ODBC

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

PostgreSQL wire protocol

using the Octo plugin
Proprietary protocol

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Java
Python
R
Scala

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

C
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lua
M
Perl
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

optimistic locking

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Snapshots and command logging

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

Users and groups based on OS-security mechanisms

More information provided by the system vendor

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