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DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. NebulaGraph vs. OceanBase vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. NebulaGraph vs. OceanBase vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonOceanBase  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSA distributed, high available RDBMS compatible with Oracle and MySQLWidely used in-process key-value storeSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.06
Rank#123  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score1.57
Rank#149  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitephoenix.apache.orggithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
en.oceanbase.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationphoenix.apache.orgdocs.nebula-graph.ioen.oceanbase.com/­docs/­oceanbase-databasedocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperApache Software FoundationVesoft Inc.OceanBase infopreviously Alibaba and Ant GroupOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleApache Software Foundation
Initial release20142019201019942014
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20194.3.0, April 202418.1.40, May 20203.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoCommercial license availableOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++C++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)Scala
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
LinuxLinuxAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesStrong typed schemayesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno
Secondary indexesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languageyesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsJDBCBrowser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Proprietary native API
Table API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Ada infoin MySQL-compatible model
C infoin Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
C++ infoin Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
D infoin MySQL-compatible model
Delphi infoin MySQL-compatible model
Eiffel infoin MySQL-compatible model
Erlang infoin MySQL-compatible model
Haskell infoin MySQL-compatible model
Java infoin Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
JavaScript (Node.js) infoin MySQL-compatible model
Objective-C infoin MySQL-compatible model
OCaml infoin MySQL-compatible model
Perl infoin MySQL-compatible model
PHP infoin MySQL-compatible model
Python infoin MySQL-compatible model
Ruby infoin MySQL-compatible model
Scheme infoin MySQL-compatible model
Tcl infoin MySQL-compatible model
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsuser defined functionsPL/SQL in oracle-compatible mode, MySQL Stored Procedure in mysql-compatible modenono
Triggersnoyesyes infoonly for the SQL APIno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning (by hash, key, range, range columns, list, and list columns)noneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Causal Clustering using Raft protocolMulti-source replication using PaxosSource-replica replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsHadoop integrationnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphsyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing RocksDByesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyRole-based access controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardnono
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache PhoenixNebulaGraphOceanBaseOracle Berkeley DBSpark SQL
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
Apache PhoenixNebulaGraphOceanBaseOracle Berkeley DBSpark SQL
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