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DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. NebulaGraph vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. NebulaGraph vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.97
Rank#126  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitephoenix.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasegithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
spark.apache.org/­sqlwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationphoenix.apache.orgdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.nebula-graph.iospark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperApache Software FoundationMicrosoftVesoft Inc.Apache Software FoundationStardog-Union
Initial release20142010201920142010
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019V123.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20237.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++C++ScalaJava
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
hostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesyesStrong typed schemayesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.noyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesSQL-like query languageSQL-like DML and DDL statementsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJDBCADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Java
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsTransact SQLuser defined functionsnouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnoyesnoyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingyes, utilizing Spark Corenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, with always 3 replicas availableCausal Clustering using Raft protocolnoneMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsHadoop integrationnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlnoAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache PhoenixMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureNebulaGraphSpark SQLStardog
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
Apache PhoenixMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureNebulaGraphSpark SQLStardog
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