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DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. MariaDB vs. OpenSearch vs. Spark SQL vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. MariaDB vs. OpenSearch vs. Spark SQL vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonOpenSearch  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseMySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.A distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch and based on Apache LuceneSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.97
Rank#126  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score93.21
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score16.36
Rank#37  Overall
#4  Search engines
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score4.66
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Websitephoenix.apache.orgmariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
github.com/­opensearch-project
opensearch.org
spark.apache.org/­sqlpingcap.com
Technical documentationphoenix.apache.orgmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­libraryopensearch.org/­docs/­latestspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperApache Software FoundationMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
Amazon Web ServicesApache Software FoundationPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release20142009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995202120142016
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 201911.3.2, February 20242.5.0, January 20233.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20238.0.0, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for OpenSearch: Fully managed open source search and analytics suite. Out-of-the-box integrations get you up and running in a couple of clicks.TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageJavaC and C++JavaScalaGo, Rust
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesyes infoDynamic columns are supportedschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexednoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like query languageSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBCADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby infoElasticsearch client
Java
Python
R
Scala
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3yesnono
Triggersnoyesyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingseveral options for horizontal partitioning and ShardingShardingyes, utilizing Spark Corehorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesnoneUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsHadoop integrationnoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infonot for MyISAM storage enginenonoyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage enginenonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infowith MEMORY storage enginenono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache PhoenixMariaDBOpenSearchSpark SQLTiDB
Specific characteristicsMariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more
OpenSearch is a highly scalable and extensible open-source software suite for search,...
» more
TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantagesMariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more
Distributed as fully open source under Apache License, Version 2.0 (ALv2), OpenSearch...
» more
- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
Typical application scenariosWeb, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more
The OpenSearch platform is used across a broad range of search , analytics, and observability...
» more
TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Key customersDeutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more
Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metricsMariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more
34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more
The OpenSearch Project offers open source software licensed under Apache License...
» more
TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat for MariaDB provides a native environment for MariaDB database management and development.
» more
Aiven for OpenSearch: Fully managed open source search and analytics suite. Out-of-the-box integrations get you up and running in a couple of clicks.
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
Apache PhoenixMariaDBOpenSearchSpark SQLTiDB
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