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DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Elasticsearch vs. H2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Elasticsearch vs. H2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Spatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.97
Rank#126  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitephoenix.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchwww.h2database.comwww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationphoenix.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docswww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software FoundationElasticThomas MuellerPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2014201020051989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2019
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20198.6, January 20232.2.220, July 202316.3, May 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaJavaCClojure
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languageyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBCJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsHadoop integrationES-Hadoop Connectornonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesMemcached and Redis integrationyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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