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DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. H2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. H2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.10
Rank#131  Overall
#63  Relational DBMS
Score8.14
Rank#50  Overall
#32  Relational DBMS
Score634.91
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.16
Rank#336  Overall
#48  Document stores
Websitephoenix.apache.orgwww.h2database.comwww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationphoenix.apache.orgwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docswww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software FoundationThomas MuellerPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerJuxt Ltd.
Initial release201420051989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2019
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20192.2.220, July 202316.2, February 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaCClojure
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBCJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
Java.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsHadoop integrationnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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