DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Couchbase vs. LMDB vs. Spark SQL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Couchbase vs. LMDB vs. Spark SQL vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

A distributed document store with integrated cache, a powerful search engine, in-built operational and analytical capabilities, and an embedded mobile database

A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Key-value store

originating from the former Membase product and supporting the Memcached protocol
Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.97
Rank	#126	Overall
	#59	Relational DBMS

Score	17.30
Rank	#36	Overall
	#5	Document stores

Score	1.99
Rank	#125	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

phoenix.apache.org

www.couchbase.com

www.symas.com/symas-embedded-database-lmdb

spark.apache.org/sql

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

phoenix.apache.org

docs.couchbase.com

www.lmdb.tech/doc

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Couchbase, Inc.

Symas

Apache Software Foundation

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2014

2011

2014

2019

Current release

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

Server: 7.2, June 2023; Mobile: 3.1, March 2022; Couchbase Capella (DBaaS), June 2023

0.9.32, January 2024

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Business Source License (BSL 1.1); Commercial licenses also available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C, C++, Go and Erlang

Scala

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL++, extends ANSI SQL to JSON for operational, transactional, and analytic use cases

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

CLI Client
HTTP REST
Kafka Connector
Native language bindings for CRUD, Query, Search and Analytics APIs
Spark Connector
Spring Data

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

.Net
C
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Kotlin
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl

Java
Python
R
Scala

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

Functions and timers in JavaScript and UDFs in Java, Python, SQL++

Triggers

yes

via the TAP protocol

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Automatic Sharding

none

yes, utilizing Spark Core

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

including cross data center replication
Source-replica replication

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Hadoop integration

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

selectable on a per-operation basis

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Ephemeral buckets

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

User and Administrator separation with password-based and LDAP integrated Authentication. Role-base access control.

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