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DBMS > Apache Jena - TDB vs. Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Jena - TDB vs. Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Jena - TDB  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA RDF storage and query DBMS, shipped as an optional-use component of the Apache Jena frameworkWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelRDF storeWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.75
Rank#84  Overall
#3  RDF stores
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score4.66
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Websitejena.apache.org/­documentation/­tdb/­index.htmlcassandra.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverpingcap.com
Technical documentationjena.apache.org/­documentation/­tdb/­index.htmlcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infooriginally developed by HP LabsApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleMicrosoftPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release20002008201719892016
Current release4.9.0, July 20234.1.3, July 2023SQL Server 2022, November 20228.1.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache License, Version 2.0Open Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++Go, Rust
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyes infoRDF Schemasschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyes
APIs and other access methodsFuseki infoREST-style SPARQL HTTP Interface
Jena RDF API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesJavaC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
Triggersyes infovia event handleryesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationhorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoTDB Transactionsno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess control via Jena SecurityAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache Jena - TDBCassandraGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft SQL ServerTiDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more
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