DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Oracle vs. RDFox vs. SingleStore vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Oracle vs. RDFox vs. SingleStore vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Widely used RDBMS

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type

Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

Relational DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	0.23
Rank	#308	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#14	RDF stores

Score	5.60
Rank	#62	Overall
	#35	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

www.oracle.com/database

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

www.singlestore.com

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.oracle.com/en/database

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

docs.singlestore.com

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan/wiki

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Oracle

Oxford Semantic Technologies

SingleStore Inc.

Aurelius, owned by DataStax

Initial release

2013

1980

2017

2013

2012

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

23c, September 2023

6.0, Septermber 2022

8.5, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

free developer edition available

Open Source

Apache license, version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

C++

C++, Go

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux

64 bit version required

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

RDF schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

but no triggers and foreign keys

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

Cluster Management API

as HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC

Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

C
Java

Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Clojure
Java
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

hash partitioning

yes

via pluggable storage backends

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

replication via a shared file system

Source-replica replication

stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

can be realized in PL/SQL

can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations

yes

via Faunus, a graph analytics engine

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graph

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.

yes

Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Roles, resources, and access types

Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles

User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

More information provided by the system vendor

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Key customers

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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
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