DBMS > Apache Impala vs. eXtremeDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. PostGIS

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. eXtremeDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. PostGIS

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Natively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clustering

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Spatial extension of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Spatial DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#223	Overall
	#103	Relational DBMS
	#18	Time Series DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	3.19
Rank	#93	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#14	Key-value stores

Score	22.69
Rank	#29	Overall
	#1	Spatial DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

www.mcobject.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

orientdb.org

postgis.net

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

www.mcobject.com/docs/extremedb.htm

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

postgis.net/documentation

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

McObject

Microsoft

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Initial release

2013

2001

1989

2010

2005

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

8.2, 2021

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

3.2.29, March 2024

3.4.2, February 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

GPL v2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

support of XML interfaces available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with the option: eXtremeSQL

yes

SQL-like query language, no joins

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Java, Javascript

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

by defining events

yes

Hooks

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning / sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

yes

based on PostgreSQL

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Active Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication

by means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication

by means of eXtremeDB High Availability option

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication

yes

based on PostgreSQL

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies available

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

yes

based on PostgreSQL

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

IoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
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Key customers

Schneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
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Market metrics

With hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
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Licensing and pricing models

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