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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. PostGIS

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. PostGIS

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Spatial extension of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Score21.72
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverorientdb.orgpostgis.net
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlpostgis.net/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP
Initial release2013198920102005
Current release4.1.0, June 2022SQL Server 2022, November 20223.2.29, March 20243.4.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoGPL v2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++JavaC
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
Windows
All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesSQL-like query language, no joinsyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaJava, Javascriptuser defined functions
TriggersnoyesHooksyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationShardingyes infobased on PostgreSQL
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replicationyes infobased on PostgreSQL
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes inforelationship in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableyes infobased on PostgreSQL

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More resources
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft SQL ServerOrientDBPostGIS
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