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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle vs. TerarkDB vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle vs. TerarkDB vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used RDBMSA key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDBA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score10.63
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score72.95
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1286.59
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#385  Overall
#61  Key-value stores
Score0.08
Rank#345  Overall
#34  Graph DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.oracle.com/­databasegithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdbtinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasebytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftOracleByteDance, originally Terark
Initial release20132010198020162009
Current release4.1.0, June 2022V1223c, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted open source version availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C and C++C++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Data schemeyesyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnono
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsnono
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
C++ API
Java API
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
C++
Java
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceTransact SQLPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possiblenono
Triggersnoyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
nonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono infocan be realized in PL/SQLnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizednono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnono

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More resources
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureOracleTerarkDBTinkerGraph
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