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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Oracle vs. SAP Adaptive Server

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Oracle vs. SAP Adaptive Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonSAP Adaptive Server infoformer name: Sybase ASE  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceWidely used RDBMSThe SAP (Sybase) Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) is an enterprise-class RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Spatial DBMS infowith Boeing's Spatial Query Server
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score104.92
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score1236.29
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score36.31
Rank#25  Overall
#17  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accessazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sybase-ase.html
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accesslearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasehelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_ASE
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftMicrosoftOracleSAP, Sybase
Initial release20131992201419801987
Current release4.1.0, June 20221902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 201923c, September 202316.0
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial infoBundled with Microsoft Officecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C and C++C and C++
Server operating systemsLinuxWindows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLshostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardSQL-like query languageyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
C
C++
Cobol
Java
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineJavaScriptPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleJava and Transact-SQL
Triggersnoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineJavaScriptyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding, horizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no infocan be realized in PL/SQLno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infobut no files for transaction loggingMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosno infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003Access rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft AccessMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBOracleSAP Adaptive Server infoformer name: Sybase ASE
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