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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. SAP Advantage Database Server

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. SAP Advantage Database Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHawkular Metrics  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonSAP Advantage Database Server infoformer name: Sybase ADS  Xexclude from comparison
SAP Advantage Database Server seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopHawkular metrics is the metric storage of the Red Hat sponsored Hawkular monitoring system. It is based on Cassandra.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerLow-cost RDBMS with access to ISAM and FoxPro data structures
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#366  Overall
#39  Time Series DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.hawkular.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.sap.com/products/advantage-database-server.html
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.hawkular.org/­hawkular-metrics/­docs/­user-guidegithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCommunity supported by Red HatGoogleMicrosoftSybase, SAP
Initial release20132014201120101993
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.23, February 2021V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaC++C++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnonoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnonoyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
HTTP RESTADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGo
Java
Python
Ruby
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Delphi
Perl
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonoTransact SQLyes
Triggersnoyes infovia Hawkular Alertingnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infobased on Cassandranonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorselectable replication factor infobased on Cassandranoneyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication infoCONFLICT Trigger to resolve replication conflicts
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono infocaching of (temporary) tables can be configured
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaHawkular MetricsLevelDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureSAP Advantage Database Server infoformer name: Sybase ADS
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