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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Hazelcast vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Hazelcast vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA widely adopted in-memory data gridWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableFully managed big data interactive analytics platformDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeWide column storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score5.97
Rank#57  Overall
#6  Key-value stores
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orghazelcast.comhbase.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlhazelcast.org/­imdg/­docshbase.apache.org/­book.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaHazelcastApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release20132008200820192010
Current release4.1.0, June 20225.3.6, November 20232.3.4, January 2021cloud service with continuous releasesV12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
hostedhosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free, schema definition possibleFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategynoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languagenoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor Servicesyes infoCoprocessors in JavaYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQL
Triggersnoyes infoEventsyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes infoReplicated MapMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)noACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosRole-based access controlAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaHazelcastHBaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
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