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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. FoundationDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Postgres-XL vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. FoundationDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Postgres-XL vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.postgres-xl.orggithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaFoundationDBMicrosoftAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release2013201320102014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB2012
Current release4.1.0, June 20226.2.28, November 2020V1210 R1, October 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoMozilla public licenseOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C++CJava
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionality
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementssupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesyes infodistributed, parallel query executionno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducein SQL-layer onlyTransact SQLuser defined functionsyes
Triggersnonoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioningyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryesyes, with always 3 replicas availableyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlyyesyesyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID infoMVCCACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
Apache ImpalaFoundationDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgres-XLTitan
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